कृत्-तद्धित-समासाश् च

This further explains the use of the word pratipadika. \Suffixes for the formation of nouns are of two kinds. Those by which nouns are derived direct from roots, primary suffixes. Those by which nouns are derived from other nouns, secondary suffixes. The former are called Krit, 3.1.93 \\[1\\], the latter Taddhita 4.1.76 \\[2\\]. Thus जन jana, man, is derived from the root जन् jan by the krit suffix अ; but जनीन janina, appropriate for man, is derived from जन jana by the Taddhita affix ईन ina. The name pratipadika would apply both to जन jana and जनीन janina, as nominal bases ready to receive the terminations of declension\ (Max Muller).

Of the compounds, of which there are six varieties, we had occasion to refer to five already, viz. Tat-purusha, Karmadharaya, Dvandva, Bahuvrihi and Avyayibhava. They will be fully dealt with in their proper places.

In the last sutra, the words
ot ending in an affix\ were too extensive; this sutra makes an important provision in favour of words ending in Krit or Taddhita affixes. So also compounds are also called pratipadika. Being restricted to compounds only, it, of course, does not apply to sentences.

The words formed by krit affixes are pratipadika, as कृ (to do) + ण्वुल् = कृ + वु = कार् + अक = कारक. The affix ण्वुल् is a krit affix, and it is added to the root to form agent by Rule 3.1.133 \\[3\\]. The letters ण् and ल् are indicatory, the force of ण् being to cause the vridhi of the vowel of the root. The real affix वु is changed into अक by 7.1.1 \\[4\\]. the affixes यु and वु are replaced by अन and अक respectively. Thus the form कारक is a pratipadika, and is capable of declension by receiving case terminations, as कारकः ॥ Similarly कृ + तृच् 3.1.133 \\[5\\] = कर्तृ; nom. case कर्ता.

The word formed by Taddhita affixes are also pratipadika; उपगु + अण् = औपगो + अ = औपगव 'the son of the Rishi Upagu': nom. case औपगवः. Similarly कापटवः.

In fact in the chapters treating of these affixes, the derivative substantives formed by them are always shown by the Indian Grammarians in the nominative case singular number. The examples of nouns given in this book will be always declined nouns and not pratipadikas, except in peculiar cases. So also in the chapter of samasa or compounds.

The words ending in compound are pratipadika: as राज्ञः + पुरुषः = राजपुरुषः, nom. case राजपुरुषः.

## Footnotes
- [1] - कृदतिङ् ॥
- [2] - तद्धिताः ॥
- [3] - ण्वुल् तृ चौ ॥
- [4] - युवोरनाकौ ॥
- [5] - ण्वुल् तृ चौ ॥,