Where the sense is that of the Nominal-stem -- arthavadadhāturapratyayaḥ prātipadikam [[1.2.45]], or of gender only, or measure only or number only, the 1st case-affix is used.,
Ex. उच्चैः 'aloft,' नीचैः 'below,' कुमारी 'virgin,' वृक्षः 'tree,' कूंडं 'owl,' द्रोणः 'a measure'. By 'number' grammatical number is meant; as एकः 'one,' द्वौ 'two,' बहवः 'many'.
The sense of a Pratipadika is to denote mere existence. Genders are three, masculine, feminine and neuter. Measures are such as drona, khari, adhaka &c. Numbers are singular, dual and plural. The Nipatas which do not denote anything are also Pratipadika.,