सत्-सू-द्विष-द्रुह-दुह-युज-विद-भिदच्-छिद-जि-नी-राजाम् उअसर्गे ऽपि क्विप्

Adhyāya 3 · Pāda 2 · Rule 61

The affix kvipcomes after the following verbs when in composition with a word ending in a case-affix, though it may be an upasarga viz. 1. sat 'to sit' 2. sū 'to bring forth' 3. dviṣ 'to hate' 4. druh 'to bear malice' 5. duh 'to milk' 6. yuj 'to join' , 'to concentrate the mind' 7. vid 'to know', 'to consider' 8. bhid 'to divide' 9. cchid 'to cut' 10. ji 'to conquer' 11. nī 'to lead 12. rāj 'to shine'.,

The phrase 'the word ending with a case-affix' is understood in this sutra. The anuvritti of कर्म is not to be taken in this sutra for the same reasons as in sutra 58 ante. The upasargas are also words ending in a case-affix i. e. they are also subanta words. Their special mention in this section, indicates by implication (jnapaka) that wherever in the previous sutras, the word subanta (a case-inflected word) is used, it does not include an upasarga (III 1. 106).

The root सू being read in conjunction with द्विष् shows that अदादि class verb is meant here, and not तुदादि class. The verb युज् includes, both युजिर् 'to join' and युज् 'to concentrate one's mind'. The verb विद् includes the three verbs having the sense of 'to know', 'to become' and 'to consider', but does not include the verb विद् 'to gain', because that root has an indicatory लृ (विद्लृ) while all these verbs have indicatory अ.

Thus, सत्-शुचिषत् 'dwelling in purity'; अन्तरिक्षसत् 'dwelling in the skies', 'epithets of Brahma' (Kath. (5. 2)); उपसत् 'serving'. सू - अण्डसूः 'oviparous'; शतसूः 'bringing forth hundred'; प्रसूः 'parent'. द्विष् — मित्रद्विट् 'treacherous'; प्रद्विट् 'hostile'. द्रुह् — मित्रध्रुक् 'treacherous'; प्रध्रुक् 'hostile' 8.2.37. दुह् - गोधुक् 'cow milker'; प्रध्रुक् 'milker' (VIII. 2. 32.) and (37). युज् - अश्वयुक् 'carriage'; प्रयुक् 'impulse'. विद् — वेदवित् 'knower of Veda'; प्रवित् 'knower'; ब्रह्मवित् 'knower of Brahma'. भिद् - काष्टभित् 'wood-cutter'; प्रभित् 'cutter'. छिद् - रज्जुच्छिद् 'rope-cutter'; प्रच्छिद् 'a cutter'. जि - शत्रुजित् 'enemy-conqueror'; प्रजित् 'conqueror'. नी - सेनानीः 'leader of an army'; प्रणीः 'a leader'; ग्रामणीः 'head-borough'; अग्रणीः 'first'. (Why is there cerebral ण in these words ? Because the word ग्रामणी has a cerebral ण in sutra 5.2.78 and that indicates that these words will have ण, as also by sutra 8.4.3). राज् - विराट् 'splendour'; सम्राट् 'emperor' (the letter म is added by sutra 8.3.25).

This sutra is a continuation and expansion of sutras 75 and 76 sup.,

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