The verbal roots marked with an indicatory ñi , take the affix kta , in denoting the present time.,
The Nishtha affix क्त, as a general rule, is a past participial affix and denotes past time; and is so ordained by rule (III 2.102). The present sutra thus makes an exception in case of those verbs which are marked with an indicatory ञि in the Dhatupatha; as ञिमिदा 'to be affectionately inclined'; मिन्नः (मिद् + क्त = मिङ् + त = मिन् + न 8.2.42 'being affectionately inclined'. So ञिक्षिवदा — क्ष्विणः 'sounding inarticulately'; ञिधृषा — धृष्टः 'bold'. The anuvritti of वर्तमाने 'in the sense of the present', is read into this sutra from 3.2.123.,