समासान्ताः

This is an adhikara or regulating sutra: and governs all sutras upto the end of this chapter. All the affixes to be ordained here after become the final part and integral portion of a compound, so that whenever a compound is formed, these affixes must be added to complete the compound. These affixes are useful in forming the Avyayibhava, the Dvigu, the Dvandva, the Tatpurusha and the Bahu-vrihi compounds: in fact so long as these affixes are not added, the compounds do not get the designation of Avyayibhava &c. Thus उप + राजन् = उपराजन् : now before this word can be properly called an Avyayibhava, we must elide the final अन् by adding the samasanta affix डच् 5.4.108, and we get the form उपराज, to which अम् is added by 2.4.83 and we have उपराजम्, so also अधिराजं ॥ So also द्विपुरी, त्रिपुरी the samasanta अ being added to पुर् by 5.4.74, then the feminine affix ङीप् by 4.1.21, the whole word द्विपुर being called Dvigu. So also, कटकवलयिनी and शङ्खनूपुरिणी ॥ Here the affix इनि 5.2.128 is added to the whole, samasanta word कटकवलय &c which gets the name of Dvandva. Similarly विधु꣡रः (विगतोधुरः), प्र꣡धुरः (प्रगतोधुरः). Here the whole samasanta 5.4.74 word gets the name of Tatpurusha, and hence the first member retains its accent by 6.2.2, namely udatta. (phit IV. 12 and 13) उचैर्धुरः, नीच꣡र्धुरः being Bahuvrihi, the first member retains its accent, namely acute on the final, as उचैः, नीचैः have been taught as antodatta in the very list of Svaradi (l. 1. 37).

As a general rule all affixes come at the end of a word 2.1.2, what is the use of employing the word \anta\ in this sutra? It means that when words like avyayibhava &c are employed, they mean words having those affixes already at their end. Thus the Dvigu compound of द्वि॑ + धुर = द्विधुर् + अ 5.4.74 = द्विधुरः so that when rule 4.1.21 says that the feminine of Dvigu compounds ending in अ take ई, it refers to Dvigu compounds which have already taken the samasanta affix अ, otherwise the rule 4.1.21 would not have applied, for strictly speaking द्विधुर् ends in र् r and not in अ ॥ Similarly rule 5.2.128 ordaining इनि after Dvandva compounds, means that the affix comes after a Dvandva compound that has already taken the samasanta affix टच् 5.4.106, as कोश + निषत् = कोश + निषद् + टच् 5.4.106 कोशनिषदं, कोशनिषदिनी ॥,